Huntingdon
College | Political Science | Courses
|
PSC
305: Presidency and Congress.
Student Notes on videos,
Compiled by Dr. Jeremy Lewis
|
Revised 4 April 2006; click
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PBS, "The
Real Life of Ron Reagan".
CBS, "WATERGATE:
SECRET STORY".
PBS, "The Real Life of Ron Reagan".
Themes of documentary.
By Jeremy Lewis.
Reagan shows the value of an entertainment career as preparation for politics
in the media age.
Conservative Californians found in Reagan an excellent front man whose
campaign abilities transcended his limited governing experience.
He was the first president to be a product of campaign handlers and
image makers, though he also had a clear ideology and a strong managerial
style of orderly delegation.
He also shows the weaknesses, in understanding public policy and doing
his homework, of someone with limited experience in elective office.
His lack of interest in foreign policy would lead him into trouble
from 1984-86 when international difficulties needed a more attentive president.
Reagan's Early Life: 1930s
and 1940s.
By Jeremy Lewis.
Reagan in early life faced insecurity from frequent moves, poverty in the
Great Depression, and from an alcoholic father.
As a young man he saved [at least 77] lives in the local swimming place
on the river.
In Eureka college he played in dramas and learned neoclassical economics.
His warm voice brought him early success in a Des Moines radio station
as a sports announcer.
When Hollywood boomed he found success as a leading "B" movie actor,
playing amiable yet strong characters.
He was a director's dream, easy to work with -- a quality much loved
by his political handlers.
He made one more serious film, "King's Row"; in wartime he made propaganda
or morale-raising movies in which he played military heroes.
His first marriage to a serious actress Jane Wyman, fell apart -- he
would transcend this difficulty be become the first divorced president.
As president of the Screen Actor's Guild he developed political skills
during a period of tension between McCarthyites and liberals over fears
of communism. (He was also accused of creating backroom deals with
a studio.)
"B" movies declined in the 1950s, television rose in popularity and
Reagan's film career waned.
The 1950s, 1960s, Governorship,
1970s, and early presidency.
By Dan McGraw, 2002.
-Reagan remarried to Nancy who was more willing to be in a supportive role
-1954 he became host of GE television show
-his voice and personality was used to appeal to the public
-Reagan was sent on a tour ment to keep the regional VPs off the show
but turned it into more of a political campaign
-he was liked for his ability to read the audience and he was thought
to be the ideal male at the time
-he was fired from the GE show and hosted a series of conservative
propaganda movies against "big government"
[1964 Reagan introduced Goldwater for President at the Republican Convention,
making his mark.
Reagan then attracted prominent California businessmen to support him
as a candidate.]
-1966 announced he was running for gov. of CA
-he was rediculed for being a spokesman and actor
-his campaign manager had to teach him the basic workings of the government
-was elected gov. of CA
-while in office he was kept up to date by one page memos from his
staff...he would read the one page and act as though he had
been following the situation all along
-he preached tax cuts and cuts to education but actually raised
both
-he announced he was running for the nomination for the presidency
but was beaten by Nixon
-1976 was his first real run ....Ford won the nomination
-1980 at 69 yrs old he tried again
-Reagan stole Carter's notes before their debate and knew every word
Carter was going to say and how to rebutle
-he won the presidency and became the 40th president of the
United States
-once again he focused on tax cuts but left the lagistics to someone
else
-he was shot on his left side shortly after giving a speach
-his remarkable recovery made it hard to redicule him
-82-83 depression set in and his approval rating was a low 35%
-reagan started to focus on military spending
-he proposed the idea of "Star Wars" an anti-missle defense
system
-Reagan was not at all involved in forgein affairs
-he left most of the military decesions to his staff
-he enjoyed the benefits of an economic surge after the
short depression
-84 was re-elected though lacked key men from his last four
years
-the keys losses made his second four years much less successful
... continued ...
Ron Reagan: -foreign policy
Carly Nichols
the president wanted the contra's
support
contra's were illegal at
the time
Reagan gave the contra's
millions of US dollars and arms
Reagan wanted to keep communism
out of Central America
The public challenged his
honesty and the president denied that the US traded arms in return for
hostages
Oliver North and Poindexter
took the fall for Reagan and were convicted of illegal allocation of funds
-Reagan rebounded
by signing a nuclear arms reduction treaty with Gorbechev
Reagan
did not think of himself as a politician but as an ex-actor
video, CBS, "WATERGATE: SECRET
STORY".
2002 notes, edited by Lewis.
Burglary itself:
-
5 burglars, sophisticated photo equipment ... the mystery begins to build
-
watergate break-in -2 break-ins ... put wires ... broke in the second
time after wires weren't working
-
al baldwin -job to monitor wire conversations
-
no evidence of a call girl ring --purely politics
Origins of Plumbers' unit:
-
richard nixon's inaugural --seeds of watergate planted
-
people protested war during inauguration day
-
nixon authorized wire taps on his own employees --the dishonesty
begins
-
meetings where nixon was pounding desks and said he wanted "classified
papers" stopped from leaking - started the escalation of watergate
-
houston plan -planned burglaries in the white house and wired phone
lines in nixon and others offices
-
presidential politics of nixon's fear of election spilled over to
the watergate scandal
Purposes in campaign tricks:
-
Muskie -the one they were really afraid of attempt to destroy campaign
-
"dirty tricks" -hired college student to do pranks on the national
scale (put up posters, ordered 100s of pizzas for dem party, etc...)
-
george mcgovern --got the candidate they wanted --would ensure
the election since the dem had to get george since the other candidates
where sabotaged
the cover up...
-
FBI gathered evidence in a hurry -the white house panics
-
tried to entangle the CIA in the burglaries
-
cover-up started one day after break-in
Investigation
-
told nixon that they had ties to break-in ... nixon said they couldn't
be that stupid and was upset that they may get in trouble
-
the washington post -source named "deep throat" helped and steered
the post through the watergate scandal and kept story alive during the
cover-up
-
"deep throat" never came forward and is still alive and still hasn't come
forward
Obstruction
-
CIA was told to block the FBI by nixon - this would prove to be the fall
of nixon as obvious obstruction of justice
-
washington post was told to "follow the money" cause the money trail of
watergate was important
-
thoughts of impeachment arose
-
polls still showed nixon ahead in polls two weeks before election
-
"secret slush fund" -375,000 dollars
-
washington post becomes afraid that they were going to get brought down
by reporting interpretations that were wrong
-
nixon admin. tried to manipulate the news broadcasts through their
releases and through persuasion
-
nixon was re-elected on a landslide despite the stories of watergate
the hearings -- and the courts ...
-
early Feb. -senate voted for hearings for investigation
-
mccord cracked and gave the judge papers that convicted the white house
admin. in the scandal
-
foundation began to crumble -implicated white house officials in
the break-in
-
chief of staff and the issues "guy" both resigned -the wall around
nixon was crumbling
-
john dean -held the key to the presidents involvement in the scandal
-
dean -laid out the entire affair from break-in to cover up telling
of the presidents and the administration's involvement
Executive Privilege claim:
-
executive privilege was nixon's stand on why the tapes shouldn't be released
for evidence
-
profound moment of watergate -nixon refused to give up the tapes while
archibald said he would hold him in contempt
-
nixon tried to fire archibald -basically said the was above the law and
he wanted to fire the guy attempting to uphold the law
-
march 1st -indicted 7 people and named nixon as an unindicted accomplice
-
shows that the president is not above the law
-
august 8, 1974 -resignation speech
who is deep throat?
-
not a composite ... he's real man that's still alive
-
describes deep throat as a heavy smoker
-
L. Patrick Gray --could be deep throat -disgusted as he was dragged
into the scandal -he was with the FBI
-
woodward and deep throat had set weird signals for meeting times and stuff
-
Gray wouldn't talk to anyone ... denies it through his lawyer
Outcomes?
-
dean -four months in prison over watergate
-
mcgruder -seven months in prison for watergate ... now a methodist minister
-
mitchell - 19 months for involvement
-
segreti -four and 1/2 months in prison
-
Krogh -several months in prison
CBS, WATERGATE, first half
by ??, 2004. Raw notes.
-
a group working to reelect nixon broke n t the watergate.
-
this caused richard nixon's downfall.
-
the question is who was deep throat, the mystery kept compounding itself.
-
james mccrd worked at the CIA and was the lead burglar, there were two
burglaries. the second after they realized the recorder did not work.
-
there was no call girl ring according to baldwin after he listened t tapes,
they copied every paper they could fnd.
-
inaugural day for nixon was tough because many people were protesting the
war.
-
nixon athorzed wire taps within his own adminnistration.
-
leaks to the press that he thought undermined his foreign policy.
-
the pentagon papers. hunt and liddy and crow were "plumbers" to plug the
leaks.
-
nixon's fear if losing ltimately led to watergate. segreti was brought
into the campain t do "dirty tricks",
-
he pitted the democratic candidates angrily against each other.
-
they destryed the candidate who had the best chance to win against nixon,
Muskie.
-
the watergate was broken into by 5 people who were involved with the cia.
-
Rchard helms, cia director, said they had no part in this as an organization.
-
the source for the washington post was jokngly namedd deep throat. it was
a single person who kept the washington post investingating.
-
upon the death of deep throat, he will be identified, the lead for deep
throat is to follow the money.
-
hugh sloan, treasurer, would disperse money from a secret fund, the fund
held about half a million dollars.
-
two weeks before election nixon was leading in the polls.
-
375 thousand dollars secret slush fund.
Watergate Video, second half
By Ryan Rice, 2004
-
Nixon fired Judge Archibald Cox – Cox was the man who delivered subpoena
-
Became know as the Saturday Night Massacre
-
Party felt like Nixon thought he was above the law. They could not support
a president who tried to obstruct justice.
-
22 bills of impeachment presented before congress.
-
Special inspectors found erased areas on tapes were intentional.
-
Supreme Court decided that Nixon must give up all remaining tapes.
-
House committee moves to put Nixon on trial.
-
Full Congress prepared to vote.
-
The White House releases one final tape – tape revealed Nixon clearly asking
Haldeman to obstruct justice: Nixon speaks about getting hush money for
the burglars
-
Nixon meets with Goldwater – Goldwater tells him no to let vote go to the
House: he would get maybe 10 votes.
-
Nixon resigned August 8