Building with Leaves Stripe
Huntingdon College: program in Political Science; see also Terrorism Index.

Sec. Colin Powell, speech on Iraq to UN, 5 Feb. 2003
Raw notes by Jeremy Lewis, suggestions for improvement welcome.  Drafted  5 Feb. 2003.

PSC Outlines Index
AL World Affairs Council
PSC Courses Index
FPA Great Decisions program
PSC Home Page
PSC 303 Timetable
  • Introduction:
  • Under UN Res. 1441, unanimous vote, to disarm Iraq of WMD.  Iraq in material breach of 16 resolutions.
  • Inspections via UNMOVIC and IAEA..
  • Reports Iraq has not come to terms with Res., and has not provided new information.
  • Iraq also involved in terrorism.
  • US providing all relevant information.
  • Material presented from US and other sources -- some have risked their lives.
  • Accumulation of facts and disturbing patterns of behavior.
  • Iraq has made no effort to disarm and has concealed more efforts to develop.
  • Evidence:
  • Tape of senior officers of Iraqi Rep Guard.
  • Col.. indicates has evacuated everything but has a modified vehicle that el-Baradei's inspectors might notice.
  • Al-Kindi Co is involved in chemical weapons, mentioned in tape.
  • Tape of officer last week, Jan 30, says clean out scrap areas, and destroy the message ordering this.
  • Saddam has higher committee for monitoring UN inspectors -- not to cooperate on them.
  • Gen. Saadi, liaison to UN is on that committee, to frustrate the inspectors.
  • Iraqi report described as rich in volume but poor in information.
  • Sources, facts and conclusions.
  • Orders issued to Iraqi organizations to hide all correspondence on WMD's OMI organization.
  • Saddam's son Uday ordered removal and hiding of documents, some being driven around to avoid inspection.
  • UN found documents at home of scientist.
  • Are inspectors to search every home of Iraqi government officers?
  • Even HD of computers have been replaced before inspectors arrive.
  • Satellite images:
  • Chemical munitions photo at Taji, 4 active bunkers with decontamination truck and special guards., contrasted with sanitized bunkers by the time UN inspectors arrived.  Raises suspicion Iraq had been tipped off.  inspectors under constant surveillance by Iraq.
  • UK released paper yesterday.
  • activities at 30 sites, trucks removed equipment before inspectors arrived -- abnormal pattern of behavior.
  • Iraq has not complied with access to personnel as required by 1441.  Uses minders, refused to allow personnel to leave.
  • Iraq did not supply up to date list of scientists -- only 500 names.  UNSCOM already had 3500 names.
  • Saddam warned personnel of death penalty for divulging info -- and those leaving Iraq to talk would be treated as a spy.  Trained personnel in resistance to inspection.
  • False death certificate issued for one scientist in hiding -- others sent home or in house arrest.
  • 1441 false statements and failure to cooperate constitute material breach.
  • Iraq failed that early test.
  • This body in danger of irrelevance if allows Iraq to not respond.
  • How long before we as UN say "Enough, enough."
  • Weapons:
  • BIOLOGICAL:
  • took 4 frustrating years to pry admission out of Iraq that it had them.  One Teaspoon shut down US Senate & killed 2 postal workers.  Iraq admitted 8500 liters of anthrax -- but has not accounted for any anthrax.
  • Since 1998 when Iraq forced out inspectors, mobile facilities documented.
  • Chemical engineer revealed accident and Thursday (sabbath)  midnight work to evade inspectors. Other sources confirm mobile research as well as production facilities. (trucks & rail cars.)  Tunnels and bunkers extensive.  Perhaps 18 trucks among thousands on roads.
  • Dry expertise now weaponizes other biological weapons including botulinum and ricin.
  • Delivery systems such as Mirage jets' fuel tanks modified.
  • Officer admitted development of UAV tanks' modified for spray.
  • Iraq has biological weapons warfare experience.
  • Large scale of shells and bombs unaccounted for.
  • "We believe Saddam Hussein knows what he did with it."
  • CHEMICAL
  • defector confirms image of site at mussayib, then site bulldozed & graded in later photo.
  • Intercepted communication tape: Col. instructs Captain to remove expression "nerve agents" from wireless instructions.
  • 100-500 tons of chemical agent, could fill thousands of rockets.
  • When will we see rest of submerged iceberg?
  • Experiments on humans, 1600 death row prisoners moved, tied to beds and autopsies performed -- human source.
  • NUCLEAR:
  • 1991 no sign of nuclear program, but defector soon revealed enrichment by several means, cost several $Bns, but Iraq told UN had no nuclear program.
  • Saddam has 2 components of bomb: scientists and design.  Focus on acquiring fissile material & has aluminum tubes for centrifuges.
  • They are banned for any purpose from Iraq.
  • Seized before arrived at Iraq -- newer batches show great refinement, unneeded for rocket but useful for centrifuge.
  • Iraq seeking other centrifuge equipment from multiple countries e.g. magnets that fit gas centrifuges.
  • UN had ordered Iraq to halt all nuclear weapons program.
  • Missiles violate 150 Km limit, satellite photos shown.
  • Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) development (photo) for dispensing Biological & chemical weapons.
  • Iraq has 500 Km range in test -- only admits to 80 Km range.  Violates obligations under 1441.
  • UAVs could be transported abroad.
  • TERRORISM:
  • Abu Musaq Zaqarwi: poison terror training center, including ricin.  Photo of factory at Kurmal.  One pinch kills in 72 hours, no antidote.
  • Developed with la Qaeda safe haven in Kurdish NE Iraq, where Saddam has agent.
  • Terrorists have gathered in Baghdad for 8 months.  IN contact with al- Zaqarwi.
  • Assassination of Larry Foley, USAID, helping Jordan.  assisted by this cell in Baghdad.  Despite request for extradition, not given up.  Network 116 operatives arrested around Europe, named by detainee.  Active in Georgia and elsewhere.
  • Iraqi embassy in Pakistan liaised with Al Qaeda, supplied expertise.
  • Iraq cooperates with Islamic terrorism, hosts conferences, despite secular regime.
  • Operative detained, responsible for training camp in Afghanistan.  Laden and Atef felt Afghan weapons labs not enough, needed Iraqi
  • Nexus of poisons and terror is new but nexus of Iraq and terror is old.
  • It is all a web of lies.
  • regime harbors ambitions of regional [domination].
  • HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS:
  • contempt for will of this council, and for human life.
  • Mustard gas against 5000 kurds; destruction of 2000 villages, Shias, marsh arabs, ruthlessly eliminates dissent.  Tens of thousands of disappearances.
  • "intimidation coercion and annihilation." History of aggression.
  • Should we take the risk that he will use these weapons?  Wrote 1441 to try to preserve peace, give one last chance -- but we must not shrink, must not fail.
  • Other nations' responses:
  • CHINA:
  • support continuation of inspections, urge Iraq to cooperate more fully.
  • UK (Foreign Secretary, Jack Straw, MP):
  • 1441 coop fully or be disarmed by force.  Final opportunity to rid itself of weapons of mass terror.  Only missing ingredient was full Iraqi compliance.
  • Saddam is defying very one of us.  He is gambling that we will lose our nerve.
  • 1441, #1 says Saddam in material breach, #4 says conditions, no false statements.  Declaration though was false statement.  Outright lie of no WMD repeated yesterday by Saddam.
  • No admission of developments since 1998.
  • #4 also: failure to cooperate fully is material breach.
  • Iraq has failed this test. Charade masks willful concealment.
  • Iraq has banned U-2 plane.
  • Iraq has spurned opportunity for peaceful outcome.
  • Turning a blind eye would be easy but wrong.
  • League of Nations failed to back diplomacy with force, so tyrants became emboldened.
  • Evil became too big to challenge.
  • We owe it to our history not to make same mistake again.
  • (Russia and other nations continued.)
    Top Iconof page PSC Home Page PSC Courses Index

    Building with Leaves Stripe